Now you know that even you are an animal, and you also have a kingdom😅😂
Main topics to study -
1. Basis of classification - Animals are devided on the basis of -
Levels of Organisation, type of circulatory system, Symmetry, Diploblastic and Triploblastic Organisation, Coelom, Segmentation, Presence of Notochord
2. Classification of Animals - Animals are classified into 11 phylum. These are -
Poryphera, Coelentrata, Ctenophora, Platyhelminths, Ascehelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata and Chordata
Porifera includes simplest animals which exhibit cellular level of organisation and have characteristic flagellated choanocytes.
Coelenterates have tentacles and bear cnidoblasts. They are mostly aquatic or free living.
Ctenophores are marine animals with comb plates.
Platyhelminths have flat body and exhibit bilateral symmetry. The parasitic forms also have hooks and suckers.
Aschelminthes are pseudocoelomates and include parasitic as well as non-parasitic roundworms.
Annelids are metamerically segmented animals with a true coelom.
The arthropods have largest number of organisms, so it's most abundant group of animals characterised by the presence of jointed appendages.
The molluscs have a soft body surrounded by an external calcareous shell. The body is covered with external skeleton made of chitin. The echinoderms possess a spiny skin. The hemichordates are a small group of worm-like marine animals. They have a cylindrical body with proboscis, collar and trunk.
In general, 2-3 questions are asked from this chapter. The examples are most important and everyone must remember all examples with common and scientific names from all of the 11 phyla. Generally the questions asked are of Memory based type.
Phylum Chordata incldes animals which possess a notochord either throughout or during early embryonic life. Other common features observed in the chordates are the dorsal, hollow nerve cord and paired pharyngeal gill slits.
Some of the vertebrates do not possess jaws (Agnatha) whereas most of them possess jaws (Gnathostomata). Agnatha is represented by the class, Cyclostomata. They are the most primitive chordates and are ectoparasites on fishes. Gnathostomata has two super classes, Pisces and Tetrapoda.
Classes Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes bear fins for locomotion and are grouped under Pisces. The Chondrichthyes are fishes with cartilaginous endoskeleton and are marine.
Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia have two pairs of limbs and are thus grouped under Tetrapoda. The amphibians have adapted to live both on land and water. Reptiles have cornified skin.
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Some previous years questions from this chapter are-
1. Coelom is found between
(a) body wall and ectoderm
(b) ectoderm and endoderm
(c) mesoderm and body wall (endoderm)
(d) mesoderm and ectoderm
2. Besides annelida and arthropoda, the metamerism is exhibited by
(a) mollusca (b) acanthocephala
(c) cestoda (d) chordata.
3. Which of the following statements are true for the Phylum Chordata?
(A) In Urochordata, notochord extends from head to tail and it is present throughout their life.
(B) In Vertebrata, notochord is present during the embryonic period only.
(C) Central nervous system is dorsal and hollow.
(D) Chordata is divided into 3 subphyla :
Hemichordata, Tunicata and Cephalochordata.
(a) (D) and (C) (b) (C) and (A)
(c) (A) and (B) (d) (B) and (C)
4. Which group of animals belong to the same phylum?
(a) Prawn, Scorpion, Locusta
(b) Sponge, Sea anemone, Starfish
(c) Malarial parasite, Amoeba, Mosquito
(d) Earthworm, Pinworm, Tapeworm
5. Which one of the following pairs of animals
comprises ‘jawless fishes’?
(a) Mackerals and rohu
(b) Lampreys and hag fishes
(c) Guppies and hag fishes
(d) Lampreys and eels
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