Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Mind map Class 11 chapter 13 NCERT
PDF is given at end of this page 👇👇
Green plants make their own food by photosynthesis.
During this process carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is taken in by leaves through stomata and used for making carbohydrates, principally glucose and starch.
Photosynthesis takes place only in the green parts of the plants, mainly the leaves.
Within the leaves, the mesophyll cells have a large number of chloroplasts that are responsible for CO2 fixation.
Within the chloroplasts, the membranes are sites for the light reaction, while the chemosynthetic pathway occurs in the stroma.
Photosynthesis has two stages: the light reaction and the carbon fixing reactions.
There are two photosystems, PS I and PS II. PS I has a 700 nm absorbing chlorophyll a P700 molecule at its reaction centre, while PS II has a P680 reaction centre that absorbs red light at 680 nm.
Photosynthesis is the process by which higher plants convert light energy from the Sun, water, and carbon dioxide into chemical energy in the form of sugar. This article will discuss the role of light, temperature, and water in photosynthesis, as well as the importance of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. We will also explain the process of photosynthesis, including the light-dependent and light-independent reactions, and the role of chlorophyll. Additionally, we will discuss the differences between C3, C4, and CAM plants, the importance of photorespiration, and the effects of higher temperatures on photosynthesis. Finally, we will discuss the ecological importance of photosynthesis and the potential applications of artificial photosynthesis.
After absorbing light, electrons are excited and transferred through PS II and PS I and finally to NAD forming NADH. During this process a proton gradient is created across the membrane of the thylakoid.
The breakdown of the protons gradient due to movement through the F0 part of the ATPase enzyme releases enough energy for synthesis of ATP.
Splitting of water molecules is associated with PS II resulting in the release of O2 , protons and transfer of electrons to PS II.
In the carbon fixation cycle, CO2 is added by the enzyme, RuBisCO, to a 5- carbon compound RuBP that is converted to 2 molecules of 3-carbon PGA.
This is then converted to sugar by the Calvin cycle, and the RuBP is regenerated.
In these plants the first product of CO2 fixation that takes place in the mesophyll, is a 4-carbon compound. In the bundle sheath cells the Calvin pathway is carried out for the synthesis of carbohydrates.
In the light reaction the light energy is absorbed by the pigments present in the antenna, and funnelled to special chlorophyll a molecules called reaction centre chlorophylls.
During this process ATP and NADPH synthesised in the light reaction are utilised. RuBisCO also catalyses a wasteful oxygenation reaction in C3 plants: photorespiration. Some tropical plants show a special type of photosynthesis called C4 pathway.
Download mind map - Click here to download Photosynthesis in Higher plants mind map pdf
to Join Telegram - Click here
0 Comments