Respiration in Plants Mind map Class 11 chapter 14 NCERT for NEET AIIMS

Respiration in Plants Mind map Class 11 chapter 14 NCERT for NEET AIIMS and class 11

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Plants unlike animals have no special systems for breathing or gaseous exchange.

Stomata and lenticels allow gaseous exchange by diffusion.

The breaking of C-C bonds of complex organic molecules by oxidation cells leading to the release of a lot of energy is called cellular respiration.

Almost all living cells in a plant have their surfaces exposed to air.

Respiration in plants is the process in which plants absorb free oxygen molecules to produce water, carbon dioxide, and energy, which is required for plants to grow. The process of respiration in plants involves using the sugars produced during photosynthesis plus oxygen to produce energy for plant growth. In this article, we will discuss the role of air temperature, the importance of oxygen for roots, ideal root zone conditions, and the importance of air in organic substrates. We will also explain the processes of transpiration and respiration in plants, how to keep fruits and vegetables fresh, and how plants are able to convert energy without the presence of oxygen. Finally, we will discuss how gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide can travel through tiny holes underneath the leaf called stomata.

Glucose is the favoured substrate for respiration.

Fats and proteins can also be broken down to yield energy. The initial stage of cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm. 

Each glucose molecule is broken through a series of enzyme catalysed reactions into two molecules of pyruvic acid. This process is called glycolysis.

In eukaryotic organisms aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen.

Pyruvic acid is transported into the mitochondria where it is converted into acetyl CoA with the release of CO2 . 

Acetyl CoA then enters the tricarboxylic acid pathway or Krebs’ cycle operating in the matrix of the mitochondria. NADH + H+ and FADH2 are generated in the Krebs’ cycle. The energy in these molecules as well as that in the NADH+ H+ synthesised during glycolysis are used to synthesise ATP.

This is accomplished through a system of electron carriers called electron transport system (ETS) located on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. The electrons, as they move through the system, release enough energy that are trapped to synthesise ATP.

This is called oxidative phosphorylation. In this process O2 is the ultimate acceptor of electrons and it gets reduced to water. The respiratory pathway is an amphibolic pathway as it involves both anabolism and catabolism.

The respiratory quotient depends upon the type of respiratory substance used during respiration.

The fate of the pyruvate depends on the availability of oxygen and the organism. Under anaerobic conditions either lactic acid fermentation or alcohol fermentation occurs. Fermentation takes place under anaerobic conditions in many prokaryotes, unicellular eukaryotes and in germinating seeds.

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